Conditional sentence
(kalimat pengandaian)
Menurut bentuknya ada 3
macam/type conditional sentence yaitu :
1.
Type 1 (Simple
present tense & Simple future tense) :
Yaitu kalimat pengandaian yang jika syaratnya terpenuhi
akan terjadi
# jika depan menggunakan “V1 s/es atau tobe”,
belakang menggunakan “Will”
If
+ S + V1 (s/es/is/am/are) + O/C , S + Will + V1 O/C
Example :
Þ
If you study hard, you will pass the exam
Þ
If I am sick, I will not come
Þ
If he loves me, I will visit him everyday
2.
Type
2 (Simple past tense & Simple future tense):
Yaitu kalimat yang biasa
digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang tidak mungking terjadi pada waktu
sekarang
# jika depan menggunakan “V2
/ were”, belakang menggunakan “Would”
If + S + V2 / were + O/C , S + Would + V1
+ O/C
Example :
Þ
If he were you, he would be happy
3.
Type
3 (Present perfect tense:
Yaitu kalimat yang digunakan
untuk mengekspresikan kejadian yang telah berlalu yang tidak mungkin terjadi
atau tidak mungkin menjadi kenyataan
# jika depan menggunakan “Had V2”
, belakang menggunakan “Would have”
If + S + Had + V2 + O/C , S + Would have
+ V3 + O/C
Reported speech
Kalimat langsung & tidak langsung
Bahasa lain dari Reported speech adalah Direct & indirect
yang artinya kalimat langsung & tidak langsung
Direct (langsung)
|
Indirect (tidak
langsung)
|
Example (contoh)
|
Kalimat tanya
(Yes/No question)
|
*yes/no question
menggunakan (If/Whether)
|
|
Is/am
|
Was
|
a.
Ani asked, “is
mother eating rice?”
=
Ani asked if mother was eating rice
|
Are
|
Were
|
b.
Ani asked, “are
they playing ball?”
= Ani asked if they were playing ball
|
Do
|
Dihilangkan
V1 berubah V2
|
c.
Ani asked, “do
they play ball?”
= Ani asked if they played ball
|
Does
|
Dihilangkan
V1 berubah V2
|
d.
Ani asked, “does
mother eat rice?”
= Ani asked if mother ate rice
|
Did
|
Dihilangkan
V1 berubah Had+V2
|
e.
Ani asked, “did
mother eat rice?”
= Ani asked if mother had eaten rice
|
*modal
|
|
|
Will
|
Would
|
f.
Adi asked,
“will mother cook rice?”
= Adi asked if mother would cook rice
|
Shall
|
Should
|
g.
Adi asked,
“shall Ani go to Solo?”
= Adi asked if Ani should go to Solo
|
Can
|
Could
|
h.
Adi asked, “can
mother buy a car?”
= Adi asked mother could buy a car
|
May
|
Might
|
i.
Adi asked, “may
mother go?”
= Adi asked if mother might go
|
Kalimat positif
|
|
|
V1 + s/es
|
Ditambah
That
V1
berubah V2
|
a.
Atta said,
“mother cooks rice”
= Atta said that mother cooked rice
b.
Atta said,
“they play ball”
= Atta said that they played ball
|
V2
|
Ditambah
That
V2
berubah Had+V3
|
a.
Atta said, “I
ate rice”
= Atta said that she had eaten rice
b.
Atta said,
“Rina bought a car”
= Atta said that Rina has bought a car
|
Kalimat tanya Wh question
|
*what, where,
when, who, ect
|
Tidak memakai if/whether
Tetap digunakan
Kembali ke dasar
|
|
|
a.
To be :
Is/am = was
Are = were
|
1.
Ayu asked,
“what is mother eating?”
= Ayu asked what mother was eating
2.
Ayu asked,
“where are you studying?”
= Ayu asked where I was studying
|
|
Do/Does dihilangkan
V1 berubah V2
|
1.
Ayu asked, “
where do you study?”
= Ayu asked where I studied
2.
Ayu asked,
“when does mother eat?”
= Ayu asked when mother ate
|
|
Did
dihilangkan
Kata kerja berubah Had+V3
|
1.
Ayu asked,
“where did you study?”
= Ayu asked where I had studied
2.
Ayu asked,
“what did mother buy?”
= Ayu asked what mother had bought
|
