Conditional sentence dan reported speech

Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian)

Menurut bentuknya ada 3 macam/type conditional sentence yaitu :

1.       Type 1 (Simple present tense & Simple future tense) :

Yaitu kalimat pengandaian yang jika syaratnya terpenuhi akan terjadi

# jika depan menggunakan “V₁ s/es atau tobe”, belakang menggunakan “Will”

If + S + V₁ (s/es/is/am/are) + O/C , S + Will + V₁ O/C

Example :

Þ     If you study hard, you will pass the exam

Þ     If I am sick, I will not come

Þ     If he loves me, I will visit him everyday

 

2.       Type 2 (Simple past tense & Simple future tense):

Yaitu kalimat yang biasa digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang tidak mungking terjadi pada waktu sekarang

# jika depan menggunakan “V₂ / were”, belakang menggunakan “Would”

If + S + V₂ / were + O/C , S + Would + V₁ + O/C

Example :

Þ     If he were you, he would be happy

3.       Type 3 (Present perfect tense:

Yaitu kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan kejadian yang telah berlalu yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau tidak mungkin menjadi kenyataan

# jika depan menggunakan “Had V₂” , belakang menggunakan “Would have”

If + S + Had + V₂ + O/C , S + Would have + V₃ + O/C

Reported speech

Kalimat langsung & tidak langsung

Bahasa lain dari Reported speech adalah Direct & indirect yang artinya kalimat langsung & tidak langsung

Direct (langsung)	Indirect (tidak langsung)	Example (contoh)
Kalimat tanya (Yes/No question)
*yes/no question menggunakan (If/Whether)
Is/am	Was	a.      Ani asked, “is mother eating rice?” = Ani asked if mother was eating rice
Are	Were	b.      Ani asked, “are they playing ball?” = Ani asked if they were playing ball
Do	Dihilangkan V1 berubah V2	c.       Ani asked, “do they play ball?” = Ani asked if they played ball
Does	Dihilangkan V1 berubah V2	d.      Ani asked, “does mother eat rice?” = Ani asked if mother ate rice
Did	Dihilangkan V1 berubah Had+V2	e.      Ani asked, “did mother eat rice?” = Ani asked if mother had eaten rice
*modal
Will	Would	f.        Adi asked, “will mother cook rice?” = Adi asked if mother would cook rice
Shall	Should	g.      Adi asked, “shall Ani go to Solo?” = Adi asked if Ani should go to Solo
Can	Could	h.      Adi asked, “can mother buy a car?” = Adi asked mother could buy a car
May	Might	i.        Adi asked, “may mother go?” = Adi asked if mother might go
Kalimat positif
V1 + s/es	Ditambah That V1 berubah V2	a.      Atta said, “mother cooks rice” = Atta said that mother cooked rice b.      Atta said, “they play ball” = Atta said that they played ball
V2	Ditambah That V2 berubah Had+V3	a.      Atta said, “I ate rice” = Atta said that she had eaten rice b.      Atta said, “Rina bought a car” = Atta said that Rina has bought a car
Kalimat tanya Wh question
*what, where, when, who, ect	Tidak memakai if/whether Tetap digunakan Kembali ke dasar
	a.      To be : Is/am   = was Are       = were	1.      Ayu asked, “what is mother eating?” = Ayu asked what mother was eating 2.      Ayu asked, “where are you studying?” = Ayu asked where I was studying
	Do/Does   dihilangkan V1 berubah V2	1.      Ayu asked, “ where do you study?” = Ayu asked where I studied 2.      Ayu asked, “when does mother eat?” = Ayu asked when mother ate
	Did   dihilangkan Kata kerja berubah Had+V3	1.      Ayu asked, “where did you study?” = Ayu asked where I had studied 2.      Ayu asked, “what did mother buy?” = Ayu asked what mother had bought